When we say that race A is an inferior class X to race B, we mean that a race A class X character is a worse adventurer than a race B class X character.
And if that is NOT the case (which is my desire as much as possible), all is well.
Being a worse ninja doesn't make you a worse adventurer if ninja is a role. Being at -2 to all things you do because you're a race A class X, but you have other things than ninjutsu on your "can do things as an adventurer".
A dwarf archer who hs practiced long and hard with a bow had damn well better win at archery things against all lower-level elves.
Lower level, yes (as reliably as anyone else beats said lower level). Equal level, no.
I say the "as reliably as anyone else" because a +1 edge with the d20's randomness may or may not mean a win in any given archery contest. But that's the d20 at work, not the dwarf's poor archery skills.
On pikes as a trap: They -don't- look desirable if they're actually described in a halfway decent way, instead of being described in a halfassed way.
Same with chainmail (which literally has no reason to exist in D&D...by the time you can afford it, you can afford a breastplate).
Toughness is underpowered, unfortunately there appears to be no consistent standard by WotC of "normal power". There's just the useful feats and the suck feats.
But if a pike has "only useful a very limited amount of the time, and you will never be in those situations", then it isn't a trap. Chainmail is a deliberately inferior option, and Toughness probably is as well.
If Joe is of a PC class, he cannot be sucky unless he, personally, was designed that way.
That ought to be true whether I'm holding the sheet and you're DMing or if you're holding the sheet, however.
If you want Joe the Average NPC Of Your Level to be weaker than us PCs, make him weaker because we are equal to the Above Average mark (say, 30 point buy instead of 25). But an NPC built with the same points as me should not be inferior because "he's only a NPC".
As for a "different aspect"...
Because "reaaallllly broad classes" don't appeal to me.
Or races, or anything else.
"But they do to us!" does not mean that it is better design to have your preferences than mine.
As for the pike analogy: The point is that it exists despite the fact no PC will ever touch one unless trying to suck. It's meant as an example of "inferior so much of the time it is a bad choice except in the specific cases when it comes up as handy".
Trust in the Emperor, but always check your ammunition.